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§ 61.93 Solo cross-country flight
requirements. (as it pertains to ASEL only)
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(a) General.
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(1) Except as
provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a
student pilot must meet the requirements of
this section before -
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(i) Conducting
a solo cross-country flight, or any flight greater
than 25 nautical miles from the airport from
where the flight originated.
(ii) Making a solo
flight and landing at any location other than
the airport of origination.
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(2) Except as
provided in paragraph (b) of this section, a
student pilot who seeks solo cross-country flight
privileges must:
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(i) Have received
flight training from an instructor authorized
to provide flight training on the maneuvers
and procedures of this section that are appropriate
to the make and model of aircraft for which
solo cross-country privileges are sought;
(ii) Have demonstrated
cross-country proficiency on the appropriate
maneuvers and procedures of this section to
an authorized instructor;
(iii) Have satisfactorily
accomplished the pre-solo flight maneuvers and
procedures required by § 61.87 of this
part in the make and model of aircraft or similar
make and model of aircraft for which solo cross-country
privileges are sought; and
(iv) Comply with
any limitations included in the authorized instructor's
endorsement that are required by paragraph (c)
of this section.
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(3) A student
pilot who seeks solo cross-country flight privileges
must have received ground and flight training
from an authorized instructor on the cross-country
maneuvers and procedures listed in this section
that are appropriate to the aircraft to be flown.
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(b) Authorization
to perform certain solo flights and cross-country
flights. A student pilot must obtain an endorsement
from an authorized instructor to make solo flights
from the airport where the student pilot normally
receives training to another location. A student
pilot who receives this endorsement must comply
with the requirements of this paragraph.
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(1) Solo flights
may be made to another airport that is within
25 nautical miles from the airport where the
student pilot normally receives training, provided
-
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(i) An authorized
instructor has given the student pilot flight
training at the other airport, and that training
includes flight in both directions over the
route, entering and exiting the traffic pattern,
and takeoffs and landings at the other airport;
(ii) The authorized
instructor who gave the training endorses the
student pilot's logbook authorizing the flight;
(iii) The student
pilot has a solo flight endorsement in accordance
with § 61.87 of this part;
(iv) The authorized
instructor has determined that the student pilot
is proficient to make the flight; and
(v) The purpose
of the flight is to practice takeoffs and landings
at that other airport.
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(2) Repeated
specific solo cross-country flights may be made
to another airport that is within 50 nautical
miles of the airport from which the flight originated,
provided -
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(i) The authorized
instructor has given the student flight training
in both directions over the route, including
entering and exiting the traffic patterns, takeoffs,
and landings at the airports to be used;
(ii) The authorized
instructor who gave the training has endorsed
the student's logbook certifying that the student
is proficient to make such flights;
(iii) The student
has a solo flight endorsement in accordance
with § 61.87 of this part; and
(iv) The student
has a solo cross country flight endorsement
in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section;
however, for repeated solo cross country flights
to another airport within 50 nautical miles
from which the flight originated, separate endorsements
are not required to be made for each flight.
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(c) Endorsements
for solo cross-country flights. Except as specified
in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, a student
pilot must have the endorsements prescribed
in this paragraph for each cross-country flight:
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(1) A student
pilot must have a solo cross-country endorsement
from the authorized instructor who conducted
the training that is placed in that person's
logbook for the specific category of aircraft
to be flown.
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(2) A student
pilot must have a solo cross-country endorsement
from an authorized instructor that is placed
in that person's logbook for the specific make
and model of aircraft to be flown.
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(3) For each
cross-country flight, the authorized instructor
who reviews the cross-country planning must
make an endorsement in the person's logbook
after reviewing that person's cross-country
planning, as specified in paragraph (d) of this
section. The endorsement must -
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(i) Specify the
make and model of aircraft to be flown;
(ii) State that
the student's preflight planning and preparation
is correct and that the student is prepared
to make the flight safely under the known conditions;
and
(iii) State that
any limitations required by the student's authorized
instructor are met.
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(d) Limitations
on authorized instructors to permit solo cross-country
flights. An authorized instructor may not permit
a student pilot to conduct a solo cross-country
flight unless that instructor has:
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(1) Determined
that the student's cross-country planning is
correct for the flight;
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(2) Reviewed
the current and forecast weather conditions
and has determined that the flight can be completed
under VFR;
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(3) Determined
that the student is proficient to conduct the
flight safely;
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(4) Determined
that the student has the appropriate solo cross-country
endorsement for the make and model of aircraft
to be flown; and
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(5) Determined
that the student's solo flight endorsement is
current for the make and model aircraft to be
flown.
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(e) Maneuvers
and procedures for cross-country flight training
in a single-engine airplane. A student pilot
who is receiving training for cross-country
flight in a single-engine airplane must receive
and log flight training in the following maneuvers
and procedures:
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(1) Use of aeronautical
charts for VFR navigation using pilotage and
dead reckoning with the aid of a magnetic compass;
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(2) Use of aircraft
performance charts pertaining to cross-country
flight;
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(3) Procurement
and analysis of aeronautical weather reports
and forecasts, including recognition of critical
weather situations and estimating visibility
while in flight;
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(4) Emergency
procedures;
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(5) Traffic pattern
procedures that include area departure, area
arrival, entry into the traffic pattern, and
approach;
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(6) Procedures
and operating practices for collision avoidance,
wake turbulence precautions, and windshear avoidance;
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(7) Recognition,
avoidance, and operational restrictions of hazardous
terrain features in the geographical area where
the cross-country flight will be flown;
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(8) Procedures
for operating the instruments and equipment
installed in the aircraft to be flown, including
recognition and use of the proper operational
procedures and indications;
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(9) Use of radios
for VFR navigation and two-way communication,
except that a student pilot seeking a sport
pilot certificate must only receive and log
flight training on the use of radios installed
in the aircraft to be flown;
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(10) Takeoff,
approach, and landing procedures, including
short-field, soft-field, and crosswind takeoffs,
approaches, and landings;
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(11) Climbs at
best angle and best rate; and
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(12) Control
and maneuvering solely by reference to flight
instruments, including straight and level flight,
turns, descents, climbs, use of radio aids,
and ATC directives. For student pilots seeking
a sport pilot certificate, the provisions of
this paragraph only apply when receiving training
for cross-country flight in an airplane that
has a VH greater than 87 knots CAS.
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(f-m) Removed
as they are not ASEL
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