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Airplanes - Flight Intruments
Read more about these topics in the Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
Chapter 8: Flight Instruments
 

Pitot-Static Flight Instruments
   
Pitot Tube
   

Static Pressure

   
Gauges
   
Altimeter (page 8-3)
     
Effect of Nonstandard Pressure and Temperature (page 8-4)
     
Types of Altitude
     
- Indicated altitude
     
- True altitude
     
- Absolute altitude
     
- Pressure altitude
     
- Density altitude
   

Vertical Speed Indicator (VSI) (page 8-7)

   
Airspeed Indicator (ASI) (page 8-8)
   

Blockage of the Pitot-Static System (page 8-10)
   
Blocked Pitot System
   

Blocked Static System

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Gyroscopic Flight Instruments
   
Gyroscopic Principles (page 8-15)
   
Rigidity in Space
   
Precession
   

Static Pressure

   

Sources of Power (page 8-16)
   

Turn Indicators (page 8-16)
   
Turn-and-Slip Indicator
   

Turn Coordinator

   
Inclinometer
   

Attitude Indicator (page 8-18)
   

Heading Indicator (page 8-19)
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Compass Systems
   
Magnetic Compass (page 8-23)
   
Magnetic Compass Induced Errors
   
Variation
   
Deviation
   

Dip Errors

     
Northerly Turning Errors
     
Southerly Turning Errors
     
Acceleration Error
   

Vertical Card Magnetic Compass
(page 8-23)
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Outside Air Temperature (OAT) Gauge
   
The outside air temperature (OAT) gauge is a simple and effective device mounted so that the sensing element is exposed to the outside air. The sensing element consists of a bimetallic-type thermometer in which two dissimilar materials are welded together in a single strip and twisted into a helix. One end is anchored into protective tube and the other end is affixed to the pointer, which reads against the calibration on a circular face. OAT gauges are calibrated in degrees °C, °F, or both. An accurate air temperature provides the pilot with useful information about temperature lapse rate with altitude change. (page 8-28)
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