Read more about these topics in the Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical
Knowledge Chapter
6: Flight Controls
Primary Flight Controls
Ailerons, elevator
(or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary
control system and are required to control an
aircraft safely during flight.
Ailerons (page
6-3)
Elevator (page
6-5)
Rudder (page
6-8)
..
..
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Secondary Flight
Controls
Wing flaps, leading
edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems constitute
the secondary control system and improve the
performance characteristics of the airplane
or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces.