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A normal approach and landing
involves the use of procedures for what is considered
a normal situation; that is, when engine power is available,
the wind is light, or the final approach is made directly
into the wind, the final approach path has no obstacles
and the landing surface is firm and of ample length
to gradually bring the airplane to a stop. The selected
landing point is normally beyond the runway's approach
threshold but within the first 1.3 portion of the runway.
The factors involved and the procedures described for
the normal approach and landing also have applications
to the other-than-normal approaches and landings and
are discussed later in this chapter. This being the
case, the principles of normal operations are explained
first and must be understood before proceeding to the
more complex operations. To help the pilot better understand
the factors that influence judgment and procedures,
the last part of the approach pattern and the actual
landing is divided into five phases:
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